Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:27 Issue: 8, Aug 2022

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 6 weeks’ pilates training along with dill supplementation on serum concentrations of  esfatin?1, lipocaline?2, and insulin resistance in females with overweight and obesity.

In this randomized controlled trial study, 45 overweight and obese females are randomly assigned to four groups: Pilates training + dill group (PDG) (n = 12), pilates training + placebo group (PPG) (n = 11), dill supplementation group (DG) (n = 11), and placebo group (PG) (n = 11). Participants of PDG and PPG performed pilates training for 6 weeks (60 min, 3 sessions per week). PDG and DGreceived dill tablet (three times a day, 6 weeks). Anthropometric  easurements, glycemic markers, and blood samples were assessed before (pretest) and after (posttest) 6 weeks of intervention.

Results showed a significant increase in serum concentrations of  esfatin?1 in PDG compared to pretest (P = 0.001). Differences in the  erum concentrations of nesfatin?1 in PDG were greater than PPG, DG,  and PG (P = 0.01). Furthermore, results found in significant reduction in serum concentrations of lipocalin?2, body mass index (BMI), and waist?hip ratio (WHR) in PDG, PPG, and DG as compared to pretest (P > 0.05). Fasting glucose plasma (FGP) was significantly decreased in all three intervention groups PDG (P < 0.001), PPG (P < 0.001), and DG (P < 0.001) as compared to pretest. Differences in FGP were significantly higher in PDG than PPG, DG, and PG (P = 0.001). A significant reduction was found for insulin only in PDG after 6 weeks of intervention as  ompared to pretest (P = 0.03). Insulin resistance significantly decreased in PDG (P = 0.03) and PPG (P = 0.04) as compared to pretest. Body fat percent (BFP) was significantly decreased in PDG (P = 0.003), PPG (P = 0.006), and DG (P = 0.01). However, there were no significant inter?group differences in insulin resistance, insulin, serum concentrations of lipocalin?2, BMI, BFP, and WHR after 6 weeks of Pilates training along with dill supplementation (P > 0.05).

We concluded that 6 weeks of Pilates training along with dill may be beneficial for improvements in serum concentrations of nesfatin?1 and FGP.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of compact food bar (CFB) designed on cardiopulmonary function in men athletes who serve in military service.

In this randomized, single?blind, controlled clinical trial, 46 men of military staff were  rranged into 2 groups and studied for 28 days; one branch used 3 packs daily, 700 kcal each, of CFB with Functional compounds (Caffeine and L?arginine) and the other group used regular food during training course. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 Max) in vitro with cardiopulmonary exercise test, body composition, and physical activity were assessed and recordedat baseline and end of the study period.

VO2 Max (P = 0.05) significantly increased in CFB group compared with baseline. Moreover, VO2 Max (P = 0.01), VO2/HR (P = 0.04), oxygen uptake/heart rate (VO2/HR) (P = 0.03), and ventilation per minute/oxygen uptake (VE/VO2) (P = 0.03) significantly increased in CFB group compared with control group. In comparison, there was no significant difference in mean ventilation per minute/carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2) (P = 0.41), ventilation per minute (VE) (P = 0.69), and breathing frequency (P = 0.056). No significant effect of CFB was found on weight, body mass index (P = 0.23), lean body mass (P = 0.91), and body fat mass (P = 0.91).

Our results show that intervention with CFB is more effective than regular diet in improving cardiopulmonary function in men athletes who serve in military service.

Ponticulus posticus (PP) (arcuate foramen) is an abnormal bony bridge in the posterior arch of the atlas, which could possibly cause certain complications such as headache. Our goal was to assess the prevalence and size of PP on lateral cephalometric radiographs and its relationships with cervicogenic headache and migraine.

This cross?sectional study was a descriptive–analytical type and was performed in Isfahan Azad Dental University. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 150 patients referred to the radiology department were selected to assess the prevalence and size of the anomaly. A checklist was prepared to evaluate cervicogenic headache and migraine among patients.

Our sample consisted of 97 females and 53 males with an age range between 5 and 56 years. The prevalence of PP was 21.3% (12% complete and 9.3% incomplete), and an insignificant difference was noted between the prevalence of complete and incomplete foramen (P > 0.05). The prevalence of foramen was higher in women (59.4%), but it was not significant. The mean width of complete foramen was 6.40 mm, and the mean heights in individuals with complete and incomplete foramen were 4.71 and 4.84 mm, respectively. Among patients with the anomaly, 43.8% had cervicogenic headache and 9.4% had migraine. There was a significant association between the presence of foramen and both types of headaches (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the shape of anomaly and the presence of  ervicogenic headache and migraine (P > 0.05).

Our study showed a high prevalence of PP and its significant association with cervicogenic headache and migraine.

COVID?19 is responsible for the latest pandemic. Dipeptidyl peptidase?4 (DPP?4) is one of the cellular receptors of interest for  oronavirus. The aim of this study was to assess the roles of DPP?4  nhibitors in prognosis of COVID?19 infection in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A retrospective cohort study was performed in 2020 in military medical centers affiliated to AJA  niversity of Medical Sciences in Tehran on 220 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were admitted in medical centers with COVID?19 infection. We collected demographic data of patients including age,  ender, drug history, usage of DPP?4 inhibitors, clinical presentations at the time  f the first visit, and the disease outcome including hospitalization duration and need for respiratory assist.

The study population consisted  f 133 males (60.5%) and 87 females (39.5%), with a mean age of 66.13 ± 12.3 years. Forty?four patients (20%) consumed DPP?4 inhibitors   itagliptin and linagliptin). Patients who were treated with DPP?4 inhibitors required less oxygen (O2) therapies compared to other cases (76.7% vs. 88.6%, P = 0.04). Patients who were treated with DPP?4 inhibitors had significantly lower hospitalization duration compared to other cases (6.57 ± 2.3 days vs. 8.03 ± 4.4 days, respectively, P = 0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups of patients regarding  urvival rates (P = 0.55). Age was a predictive factor for survival (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.23; P = 0.004).

DPP?4 inhibitors could significantly decrease hospitalization days in  atients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were hospitalized for COVID?19.However, DPP?4 inhibitor usage showed no statistically significant impact on survival. Age was the important prognostic factor.

Placenta adherent abnormality (PAA) is abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium. This abnormal placenta binding has severe clinical consequences for the mother and the fetus. We investigated the outcomes of hypogastric arterial ligation (HAL) before hysterectomy compared to hysterectomy alone in pregnant women with PAA.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 70 patients were randomly allocated to HAL along with hysterectomy and hysterectomy alone groups (35 in each Group). The total amount of intraoperative blood loss, the need for intraoperative blood products transfusion, frequency of deep vein thrombosis, duration of surgery, duration of hospitalization, and visceral trauma were compared between2 Groups.

Finally, 64 patients completed the study protocol with mean age of 33.84 ± 4.25 years. The study groups were comparable in terms of basic baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Visceral trauma was less frequently occurred in HAL group compared to hysterectomy alone (0% vs. 15.6%; P = 0.02). Intraoperative blood loss (1525 ± 536.41 cc vs. 2075 ± 889.36 cc; P = 0.001) and were significantly lower in HAL group compared to hysterectomy alone. Duration of operation (179.06 ± 36.28 vs. 197.66 ± 39.47; P = 0.05) and hospitalization (4.97 ± 2.20 vs. 6.10 ± 2.39; P = 0.03) also were significantly lower in HAL group.

Our findings suggest that prophylactic HAL has a protective effect on the reduction of blood loss and less visceraltrauma in pregnant women with PAA.

Atrial electromechanical delay (AEMD) is the time interval between the beginning of P wave on surface electrocardiography and starting of the late diastolic wave on tissue Doppler imaging. We  nvestigated the prolongation of AEMD, echocardiographic changes, and correlation of these findings with neutrophil?to?lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

The study consisted of 105 (49 females and 56 males; mean age: 65.1 ± 9) patients with COPD exacerbation and 104 (21 females and 83 males; mean age: 64.8 ± 9.6) stable COPD outpatients.Demographics, body mass index, pulmonary function tests, and  ransthoracic echocardiography of the patients were evaluated. Echocardiography was performed in the first 6 h for stable COPD  utpatients and in the first 24 h for COPD exacerbation patients.Diameters of right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV) and left atrium, aortic root diameters, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),Emax, Amax, Emax/Amax, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), Ea, Aa, Ea/Aa, Emax/Ea, and tricuspid regurgitation velocity(TRV) were evaluated. AEMD measurements were obtained from lateral/tricuspid, lateral/mitral, and septal annulus from apicalfour?chamber views with tissue Doppler imaging and corrected for heart rate. Complete blood count including NLR was also assessed.

The mean age of patients in exacerbation period (65.1 ± 9) was higher than the stable group (64.8 ± 9.6). RV basal and mid diameters (P < 0.001), Amax (P < 0.001), Ea tricuspid (P = 0.040), Aa tricuspid (P < 0.001), TRV, and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (P < 0.001) were higher; TAPSE and tricuspid Emax/Amax (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in patients with COPD exacerbation. LV end?diastolic diameter (P = 0.002) and LVEF (P = 0.005), Emax/Amax mitral (P < 0.001), Ea/Aa mitral (P < 0.001), and Ea/Aa septal (P < 0.001) were significantly lower; Amax mitral (P = 0.002), Aa mitral (P < 0.001), Aa septal (P < 0.001), and systolic motion mitral (P = 0.011) were significantly higher in patients with exacerbation. AEMD lateral/tricuspid (P < 0.001), lateral/ mitral (P < 0.001), and septal (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with COPD exacerbation. Neutrophil and lymphocyte count (P < 0.001) and NLR (P = 0.003) were significantly higher in the acute group. A weak  orrelation of NLR with LV end?diastolic diameter (P = 0.003; r = 0.357), Emax/Ea mitral (P = 0.019; r = 0.285), Emax tricuspid (P = 0.045; r = ?0.244), and systolic motion septal (P = 0.003; r = 0.352) was detected in patients with stable COPD.

In COPD exacerbation patients, prolongation of AEMD intervals was determined. Acute period of COPD  ay trigger atrial dysrhythmias including atrial fibrillation and flutter, multifocal atrial tachycardia, premature beats, and both systolic and diastolic dysfunctions frequently.

The Isfahan COVID Cohort (ICC) study was designed to investigate the short? and long?term consequences of patients with COVID?19 in Iran. This report presents the rationale, methodology, and initial results of ICC.

ICC is a 5?year multicentric prospective cohort study that is ongoing on two groups including 5000 patients hospitalized with moderate or severe and 800 nonhospitalized patients with mild or asymptomatic COVID?19 in Isfahan. The ICC  ndpoints are morbidity, mortality, incident cases, or worsening of  nderlying noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. In the current analysis, we examined the persistent symptoms and incident  CDs or risk factors in 819 previously hospitalized patients who completed 1?year follow?up.

The two most common symptoms were joint pain/myalgia (19.7%) and dry cough/dyspnea (18.7%). Around 60% of patients had at least one symptom which was more common among  omen than men and in middle aged than younger or older patients.  emale (odds ratio [OR] =1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39–2.55) and highly?educated patients (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.56–3.04) had higher risk of having any symptom in 1?year follow?up. New cases of hypertension followed by diabetes then coronary heart disease (CHD) were the most common incident NCDs.

During 1?year follow?up after hospital discharge, about 60% of patients experienced persistent symptoms. Incident hypertension, diabetes, and CHD were the most common events seen. Close monitoring and extensive health  ervices with integrative approaches are needed to improve the health status of these patients.